GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)

GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-copper) is a naturally occurring tripeptide with high affinity for copper(II) ions. First isolated from human plasma in 1973 by Dr. Loren Pickart, it declines with age — plasma levels at age 60 are approximately 40% of levels at age 20. The peptide functions as a copper-transport molecule, delivering copper ions to cellular enzymes involved in tissue repair and antioxidant defense.

Key mechanisms include: activation of metalloproteinases (MMPs) that remodel extracellular matrix proteins; stimulation of collagen type I, II, and IV synthesis in fibroblasts; upregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other antioxidant enzymes; and modulation of gene expression patterns associated with wound healing and tissue regeneration. In vitro, GHK-Cu has been shown to reset gene-expression profiles of aged fibroblasts to patterns characteristic of young cells.

GHC-Cu has been studied for over 50 years across dermatology, wound-healing, and anti-aging research. It is commercially available as a cosmeceutical ingredient in topical formulations, but its systemic research profile differs significantly — when administered as a research peptide rather than a topical, it distributes systemically and produces copper-dependent effects not achievable through transdermal application.

Preclinical studies have documented accelerated wound closure, increased hair-follicle size, and improved dermal collagen density. The compound's safety profile is well-characterized, with no significant adverse findings at research doses.

Store lyophilized GHK-Cu at -20°C, protected from light. The copper component makes this peptide slightly more sensitive to oxidation than non-metalated peptides — ensure the vial stopper is properly sealed and consider adding a desicant pack to the storage container.

Reconstituted GHK-Cu has a characteristic deep blue color due to the copper complex — this is normal and expected. A color shift toward green/turquoise may indicate oxidation or pH changes. Store reconstituted solution at 2–8°C, use within 21 days. Some researchers report a mild stinging or injection-site reaction; this is typically attributed to the copper ion and is not indicative of contamination.